Five Year Plan
First Plan (1951-56)
- It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
- Its main focus was on the Agriculture and Irrigation development of the country.
- It was a successful plan primarily because of good harvests in the last two years of the plan.
- This plan was successful and achieved growth rate of 3.6% (more than its target 2.1%)
Second Plan (1956-61)
- It was based on the ‘P.C. Mahalanobis Model’.
- The main focus was on the Industrial development of the country.
- The second priority was given to Transport and Communication.
- Advocated huge imports through foreign loans.
- Various important large industries established like Steel Plant at Durgapur Steel Plant, W.B. (UK), Bhilai Steel Plant , Chhattisgarh (Russia) and Rourkela Steel Plant , Odisha (Germany) ONGC, Heavy Engineering Corporation Limited (HECL) Ranchi (Jharkhand), Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) Chennai, Tamilnadu.
- Nagarjuna Sagar(KrishnaRiver, Nalgonda, Telangana), Bhakra Nangal Dam (Sutlej River, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh), Hirakud Dam (Mahanadi River, Sambalpur, Odisha) started during this Plan.
Third Plan (1961-66)
- Deficit financing started in this plan.
- The main reason for the failure of this plan was the Indo-China war (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965) & unprecedented drought (1965-66).
- It stressed agriculture and improvement in the production of wheat, but the brief Sino-Indian war of 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the focus towards the defence industry and the Indian Army.
- Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand (Russia) established.
Plan Holiday or Three Annual Plans (1966-69)
- The main reason behind the planned holiday was the Indo-Pakistan war, Lack of resources & failure of the third plan.
- Green Revolution in 1966 Kharif. Green revolution was started by Dr.M. S. Swaminathan.
- 14 Banks nationalized in July 1969
Fourth Plan (1969-74)
- Also known as "Gadgil Yojana".
- The main emphasis was on the growth rate of agriculture to enable other sectors to move forward
- The first two years of the plan saw record production. The last three years did not measure up due to poor monsoon. This plan failed and could achieve growth rate of 3.3% only against the target of 5.6%.
- The influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war was an important issue
Fifth Plan (1974-79)
- It proposed to achieve two main objectives: 'removal of poverty' (Garibi Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance'
- “Minimum Needs Programme” launched.
- The draft of this plan was prepared and launched by the D.P. Dhar. This plan was terminated in 1978.
- Promotion of high rate of growth, better distribution of income and significant growth in the domestic rate of savings were seen as key instruments
- The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Party government rose to power
Rolling Plan (1978-80)
- Janta government put forward a plan for 1978- 1983. However, the government lasted for only 2 years. Congress government returned to power in 1980 and launched a different plan.
Sixth Plan (1980-85)
· The basic objective of this plan was poverty eradication and technological self-reliance.
· IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Program), TRYSEM (Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment), NREP (National Rural Employment Programme) launched during this Plan.
· Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Andhra Pradesh, Salemsteel plant Tamilnadu, Bhadravathi Steel Plants, Karnatakawere built.
Seventh Plan (1985-90)
- For the first time, the private sector got the priority over the public sector.
- “JawaharRozgarYojana” launched in April 1989.
- Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.01%.
Eight Plan (1992-97)
- Based on the model of John.W.Muller.
- The eighth plan was postponed by two years because of political uncertainty at the centre
- In this plan, the top priority was given to the development of the human resources i.e. employment, education, and public health.
- During this plan, Narasimha Rao Govt. launched New Economic Policy of India (1991).
- This plan was successful and got annual growth rate of 6.8% against the target of 5.6%.
Ninth Plan (1997-2002)
- The main focus of this plan was “growth with justice and equity”.
- It was launched in the 50th year of the independence of India.
Tenth Plan (2002-2007)
- To achieve 8% GDP growth rate
- This plan aims to double the per capita income of India in the next 10 years.
- Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007
- Providing gainful high quality employment to the addition to the labour force over the tenth plan period
- Universal access to primary education by 2007
- Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by atleast 50% by 2007 Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%
- Increase in literacy rate to 72% within the plan period and to 80% by 2012
- Increase in forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012.
- Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.
- Its growth rate target was 8.1% but it achieved only 7.7%.
Eleventh Plan (2007-2012)
- It was prepared by the C. Rangarajan.
- Its main theme was “Faster and more inclusive growth”.
- Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10%. Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year
- Create 70 million new work opportunities and reduce educated unemployment to below 5%
- Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 %
- Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage point. Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15 %
- Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1
- Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-2017
- Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009
- Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12
- Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17
- Its growth rate target was 8.1% but it achieved only 7.9%.
Twelfth Plan (2012-2017)
- Its main theme is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”.
- This is the last five-year plan of India.
- Highest in the entire planning era: 5 crore employment, largest allocation to energy.
- It seeks to achieve 4% growth in agriculture sector
- It aims at average GDP Growth Rate of 8%
- Increasing Infrastructure investment to 9% of GDP
- Provision of Banking Services for 90% households
- Getting 5 Indian Universities in the list of top 200 universities in the world
- Reducing Infant Mortality Rate to 25 & Maternal Mortality Rate to 100
